Mallorca is a favorite destination for golfing holidays, offering quality, diversity, and a pleasant climate. The island boasts a total of 22 high-quality golf clubs, with more than half rated 7.5 or higher. Among the top golf courses are Golf Son Gual, Son Vida Golf, Golf Santa Ponsa, Real Golf de Bendinat, Golf de Andratx, Golf Club de Golf Alcanada, Son Muntaner Golf, Vall d’Or Golf, Club de Golf Son Servera, and Son Quint Golf. Most golf courses are located around Palma, Mallorca’s capital, making it easy to explore various courses within a short distance.
Mallorca’s golf courses are open and playable throughout the year. No matter when you plan your golf holiday in Mallorca, you can be sure to enjoy the golf courses. This makes Mallorca an attractive destination for golf enthusiasts.
The best months for golfers are April, May, June, September, and October. During these months, the weather is pleasant: not too hot and often promises rain-free days. This allows for optimal playing conditions and a relaxed game of golf. The island also attracts many golfers during the winter months. From November to March, you can enjoy sunny days and mild climate – perfect for a round of golf.
A trip to Mallorca gives you the opportunity to explore different golf courses and take on new challenges. Whether you are an experienced player or have just started playing golf, in Mallorca, you’ll find golf courses that match your skill level and interests.
The Mediterranean climate in Mallorca makes it an ideal destination for golf trips. With mild winters and warm summers, you can play on the golf courses all year round and enjoy the pleasant climate. Mallorca is also known for its varied and well-maintained golf courses located amidst stunning landscapes.
Whether you’re planning a golf holiday in Mallorca or just a short golf tour, you will undoubtedly discover impressive golf courses and enjoy unforgettable experiences.
Palma de Mallorca is the perfect starting point for your golf holiday on the island. In the direct vicinity of Palma, there are a total of 15 different golf clubs suitable for golfers of all levels. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced player, you will find the right golf course for your game here.
The golf clubs around Palma offer a wide range of golfing opportunities, from beautiful courses overlooking the Mediterranean to challenging courses that test experienced golfers. Some of the most popular golf clubs near Palma include:
In Palma itself, you will also find many tourist attractions that make your golf holiday diverse. Visit the impressive Palma Cathedral, explore the charming old town, or relax in the Banys Àrabs, the city’s Moorish baths.
You’ll find that a golf holiday in Palma de Mallorca offers a perfect blend of golfing pleasure and cultural experiences. Enjoy the variety of golf courses, the proximity to your hotel, and the opportunity to discover the best of Mallorca.
In Palma and the southwest of Mallorca, there are also several golf courses worth visiting. Here you will find a selection of the most renowned and popular golf courses from Palma to Port Andratx:
Golf Son Vida, nestled in the heart of the prestigious Son Vida residential area and just minutes from the historic capital Palma, represents golfing excellence in Mallorca. Opened in 1964, this historic 18-hole course, designed by F.W. Hawtree, offers a challenging blend of demanding fairways, strategic bunkers, and fast greens. Complemented by a luxurious clubhouse with superb gastronomy and top-class practice facilities, Son Vida promises an unforgettable golfing experience in one of the island’s most exclusive areas.
The surrounding area of Son Vida is renowned for its luxurious villas and the elegant ambiance that envelops the golf course, making it a sought-after location for those wishing to fully enjoy Mallorca’s luxurious lifestyle. While Golf Son Vida stands out for its sports offerings, its proximity to some of the island’s most spectacular properties enhances the experience.
For those interested in Mallorca’s exclusive residential culture, the area around Golf Son Vida offers an unparalleled selection of luxury properties. As a leading company in the luxury real estate market in Mallorca, LUXURY ON MALLORCA understands the significance of this unique confluence of premier golf and exquisite living. Presenting selected villas in this coveted location aligns with the desire for excellence and quality that defines Golf Son Vida and its surrounding residential area.
Golf Son Quint, as the latest highlight of the Arabella Golf Mallorca courses, stands out as a remarkable golf destination near Son Vida, an exclusive area with magnificent luxury villas, just minutes from Palma de Mallorca. Since its opening in 2007, this 18-hole course with its diverse layout that accommodates players of all experience levels, attracts golf enthusiasts.
With its expansive fairways, strategically placed bunkers, and spectacular views of the Bay of Palma, Son Quint offers a unique golfing experience. The course optimally utilizes the natural terrain to create a game full of visual appeal and challenges, set against the backdrop of the nearby luxury villas in Son Vida.
The facilities at Golf Son Quint are first-rate, featuring a modern clubhouse that offers exquisite gastronomy with views of the golf course, a driving range, and practice greens for game improvement, as well as a pro-shop with a wide range of golf apparel and equipment.
Golf Son Quint is known for its warm hospitality and commitment to quality, making it a preferred destination for golfers seeking luxury and the picturesque beauty of Mallorca. Discover at Golf Son Quint a golfing experience that seamlessly combines luxury, nature, and sporting challenge.
Golf Son Muntaner, located in the exquisite Son Vida district, surrounded by Mallorca’s most magnificent luxury villas, is a highlight for any golf enthusiast seeking the luxury and beauty of the Mediterranean lifestyle. Just a few minutes’ drive from the vibrant capital Palma, this outstanding 18-hole course offers a perfect blend of natural beauty, challenging design, and premier golfing experiences.
Opened in the year 2000, Son Muntaner impresses with its sophisticated layout, providing a challenge for both amateurs and experienced golfers alike. With meticulously maintained fairways, strategically placed bunkers, and natural water hazards integrated into the stunning landscape, the course offers an unforgettable playing experience. A notable highlight is “Na Capitana,” the oldest olive tree specimen in Mallorca, adding an additional historical dimension to the course.
The facility boasts a modern clubhouse that offers a spectacular view of the course and the surrounding landscape. Here, golfers can relax in an elegant atmosphere and enjoy the excellent Mallorcan and international cuisine. Additionally, a state-of-the-art driving range and practice greens are available, allowing players to improve their game in one of Mallorca’s most exclusive settings.
Golf Son Muntaner is known not just for its challenging course but also for its commitment to environmental protection and sustainability, making it a pioneer in the golf world. For those seeking a combination of sporting challenge, luxury, and commitment to the environment, Golf Son Muntaner offers the ultimate golfing experience.
Golf Son Gual, a gem in the picturesque landscape of Mallorca and just a short drive from the vibrant capital, Palma, represents luxury golf and exclusive living at its finest. This prestigious 18-hole championship course, opened in 2007, has established itself as one of the island’s most sought-after golf destinations. Known for its outstanding design by Thomas Himmel, challenging layout, and impeccable maintenance, Son Gual offers a challenging yet aesthetically pleasing golf experience for players of all levels.
The careful design takes advantage of Mallorca’s natural beauty, with wide fairways, artfully placed bunkers, impressive water hazards, and impeccably maintained greens. The course harmoniously blends into the surrounding landscape, offering spectacular views of the Mallorcan mountains and providing a perfect combination of sporting challenge and visual delight.
Son Gual’s excellent facilities include a luxurious clubhouse with a renowned restaurant offering a selection of the finest local and international dishes, as well as a state-of-the-art driving range and practice greens, providing optimal conditions for training.
Furthermore, Son Gual has established itself as an exclusive area for luxury real estate, offering breathtaking views and unparalleled quality of life. Its proximity to the golf course makes it a coveted residence for those who wish to combine the luxury of a golf course lifestyle with the tranquility and beauty of Mallorca.
The Real Golf de Bendinat, nestled in the idyllic landscape of Calvià on Mallorca, offers a unique combination of sporting challenge and natural beauty. This 18-hole golf course, designed by Martin Hawtree in 1986, captivates with its varied design that harmoniously integrates into the surrounding hilly terrain, offering impressive views of the Bay of Palma.
Bendinat, known for its challenging fairways and fast greens, presents challenges to golfers of all skill levels while rewarding them with picturesque views of the Mediterranean landscape. Each hole offers a new perspective, encouraging players to employ strategy and precision to succeed.
In addition to the excellent golf facility, Real Golf de Bendinat also features a stylish clubhouse with outstanding amenities, including a restaurant and a bar, where players and guests can relax and enjoy the culinary delights of the region. The clubhouse is the perfect place to enjoy the tranquility and the panoramic view of the sea after a round of golf.
The proximity to Palma and the exclusive marinas, as well as some of the island’s most luxurious properties, make Bendinat a coveted destination for golfers and property seekers alike. The area around the golf course is known for its high-quality villas and apartments, offering an exclusive lifestyle in one of Mallorca’s most beautiful settings.
For those dreaming of living near a renowned golf course, Bendinat offers an exceptional selection of luxury properties. The combination of challenging golf, stunning landscape, and exclusive living makes Real Golf de Bendinat a symbol of the luxurious lifestyle on Mallorca.
The T Golf & Country Club Poniente, located in the picturesque municipality of Calvià near the charming bay of Cala Vinyes on Mallorca, offers an exceptional golfing experience in one of the island’s most exclusive areas. This challenging 18-hole golf course, designed by John Harris, impresses with its strategic layout that includes wide fairways, tricky obstacles, and wavy greens, providing both challenge and enjoyment for golfers of all skill levels.
The elegant clubhouse of T Golf & Country Club Poniente, complemented by its premier facilities, including a renowned restaurant and a cozy bar, elevates the exquisite golfing experience. Here, players can unwind in a stylish setting, savoring the culinary delights and admiring the scenic overlook of the golf course.
Adjacent to this superb golfing venue, nestled within the serene setting of Cala Vinyes, we are proud to offer an exclusive luxury frontline villa. This magnificent property exemplifies unmatched luxury with direct access to the azure Mediterranean and breathtaking views, promising the quintessence of seaside living.
For those seeking to merge their love for golf with the aspiration for a distinguished seaside abode, the synergy between T Golf & Country Club Poniente and our luxury villa in Cala Vinyes presents an unparalleled opportunity. This unique amalgamation of premium golf and waterfront luxury living signifies the pinnacle of the luxurious lifestyle in Mallorca.
Santa Ponsa, Mallorca’s splendid gem, offers an exclusive blend of stunning beaches, vibrant culture, and premier golf facilities. Attracting sun worshippers, culture aficionados, and golfers in search of challenging, scenically situated courses, it stands as a coveted destination.
Golf Santa Ponsa I, accessible to the public, this 18-hole golf course stands out for players of all abilities. Its vast landscape, wide fairways, and strategically placed hazards ensure a memorable experience, renowned for its hospitality and prestigious tournaments, welcoming all who wish to indulge in golfing.
Golf Santa Ponsa II, exclusive to members, this 18-hole course challenges the adept golfer. A blend of natural allure and technical finesse marks each game as a noteworthy occasion.
The Golf Santa Ponsa III, with its 9 holes, caters ideally to beginners or those aiming to refine their short game, perfect for a swift round amidst a friendly and inviting atmosphere.
In addition to these outstanding golfing opportunities, Santa Ponsa is also known for its luxury properties, reflecting the sophisticated lifestyle that Mallorca has to offer. The proximity to first-class golf courses makes the area particularly attractive for those who love golf and wish to live in exclusive villas with breathtaking views of the Mediterranean landscape. Santa Ponsa offers an exquisite selection of properties, from modern apartments to opulent villas, all fulfilling the dream of luxurious living on one of the Mediterranean’s most beautiful islands.
For golf enthusiasts seeking the extraordinary ambiance of Mallorca, the golf courses in Santa Ponsa provide a perfect combination of sporting challenge and scenic beauty. Complemented by the availability of high-quality luxury properties, Santa Ponsa stands synonymously for an exclusive lifestyle under the Spanish sun.
Golf de Andratx, a masterpiece of golf course design set in the picturesque landscape of Camp de Mar near the renowned Port Andratx on Mallorca, is an oasis for golf lovers seeking the exquisite. Designed by Rodney Barr, this challenging 18-hole course with its impressive 6th hole – one of the longest Par-5 holes in Europe – and the dramatic elevation changes, offers a top-tier golfing experience in one of the island’s most picturesque settings.
The luxurious clubhouse, with its premier amenities and excellent restaurant, is the ideal place to savor the culinary delights of the region in an elegant setting while admiring the spectacular views of Mallorca’s surrounding natural beauty. These elements together make Golf de Andratx a magnet for those wishing to golf in an exclusive atmosphere.
The area around Port Andratx is characterized by some of the most prestigious properties in Mallorca, from opulent villas to authentic fincas, epitomizing the luxurious Mediterranean lifestyle. These exquisite estates offer not only privacy and comfort at the highest level but also breathtaking views that captivate the heart of any real estate connoisseur. Each property reflects the exclusive nature of the region, complemented by proximity to one of the island’s leading golf courses.
In this exceptional area, the passion for golf and the desire for a life in magnificent villas and fincas merge to become synonymous with the upscale lifestyle in Mallorca. Port Andratx and its surroundings offer not only an unparalleled golfing experience but also the opportunity to reside in some of the island’s most sought-after and valuable properties – a true dream for lovers of luxury and exclusivity.
Mallorca offers golf courses not only around Palma de Mallorca but also in other regions of the island. Discover the variety of golfing opportunities Mallorca has to offer. Here are some of the most popular courses:
The Club de Golf de Son Servera, nestled along Mallorca’s picturesque northeastern coast near the popular resort of Cala Millor, offers a unique golf setting. As the second oldest golf club on the island, Son Servera features a charming 18-hole course winding through stunning landscapes with views of Cala Millor bay, surrounded by typical Mallorcan pines and mountains.
This golf course is distinguished by its varied and challenging layout, suitable for both amateurs and experienced golfers. The combination of natural obstacles, strategically placed bunkers, and water hazards ensures that each round presents a new challenge.
Beyond the captivating golf course, Club de Golf de Son Servera boasts excellent facilities, including a welcoming clubhouse with a restaurant and bar offering local delicacies and stunning views, a pro-shop, and extensive practice facilities, enabling golfers to enhance their game in one of Mallorca’s most beautiful settings.
Club de Golf de Son Servera is renowned not only for its challenging course but also for its warm hospitality and peaceful atmosphere, making it a popular destination for golfers worldwide. Experience the ultimate golfing experience at Club de Golf de Son Servera, where Mallorca’s beauty and the passion for golf converge.
The Vall d’Or Golf Club, located on Mallorca’s scenic southeastern coast near the charming village of Porto Colom, offers a stunning blend of natural beauty and golfing challenge. This 18-hole golf course, known for its varied layout and spectacular views of the Mediterranean, harmoniously integrates into the surrounding landscape with its typical Mallorcan hills, olive, and almond trees.
Opened in the 1980s, Vall d’Or Golf combines technical fairways, precise greens, and strategically placed obstacles to guarantee an exciting game for golfers of all skill levels. The breathtaking views from various points on the course, especially from the clubhouse offering a panoramic view of the coast, make every round an unforgettable experience.
In addition to the challenging golf course, Vall d’Or features excellent facilities, including a stylish clubhouse with a restaurant and terrace, a pro-shop, and comprehensive practice facilities to meet the needs of all golfers. Vall d’Or Golf Club is not only a paradise for golf enthusiasts but also a testament to Mallorca’s natural beauty and charm, making it a must-visit for every island visitor.
The Club de Golf Alcanada, a true gem among Mallorca’s golf courses, is located in the northeast of the island, near the historic town of Alcúdia. This exclusive location not only offers spectacular views of the azure Mediterranean Sea and the characteristic lighthouse that gave the golf course its name but also a tranquil and picturesque setting that ensures an unforgettable golfing experience. The 18-hole course designed by renowned architects perfectly complements the natural beauty of the surrounding pine forests and coastal landscape, making Alcanada one of the most attractive golf destinations in Europe.
In addition to its impressive location, Club de Golf Alcanada offers first-class facilities, including a modern clubhouse with excellent gastronomy, an extensive training facility, and a professional pro-shop. The club’s commitment to quality, hospitality, and environmental conservation makes it a preferred destination for golfers of all skill levels who want to play in Mallorca’s majestic landscape. Discover Club de Golf Alcanada and experience golfing pleasure in one of the most exclusive and picturesque corners of Mallorca.
Golf has a long history in Mallorca, beginning over 50 years ago. Since then, the island has evolved into a popular destination for golfers. One of the oldest and most renowned golf facilities in Mallorca is the Son Vida Golf Course, which opened in 1964. With its challenging fairways and stunning views of the Bay of Palma, this golf course attracts both beginners and experienced golfers alike.
The opening of the Son Vida Golf Course marked the beginning of golf development in Mallorca. Over the years, more golf courses have been opened on the island, including some designed by renowned golf architects. Thanks to the beautiful landscape and mild Mediterranean climate, Mallorca has become a golf paradise, attracting golf players from all over the world each year.
The growing popularity of golf in Mallorca has led to the island now boasting a variety of high-quality golf courses. Golfers can choose from a wide selection of courses offering different levels of difficulty and scenic beauty. Whether you are a beginner wanting to learn golf or an experienced golfer looking for a challenge, Mallorca has the perfect golf course for your game.
In addition to golf courses, Mallorca also offers a variety of golf hotels. Whether you are looking for a relaxing spa experience or a luxurious ambiance, you will find it here. A well-known golf hotel in Mallorca is the Golf Hotel Pula. Not only does it feature an impressive 18-hole course, but it also offers a top-class spa where you can relax after a round of golf.
For those who wish to enjoy their golf holiday in a private and exclusive setting, luxurious villas are available. These villas offer not only first-class accommodations but also direct access to the golf courses, allowing you to enjoy a round of golf anytime you desire.
Whether you are traveling as a couple, with friends, or with family, the golf hotels in Mallorca will make you feel at home. Book your golf holiday in one of Mallorca’s golf hotels and enjoy first-class comfort and golfing pleasure.
To enjoy the pleasant weather, spring and autumn are particularly suited as the best time for golfing in Mallorca. During these periods, the temperatures are mild and ideal for golfing. Spring offers blooming nature and pleasant sunshine, while autumn days are still warm and sunny. The golf courses in Mallorca are less crowded at this time, allowing you to enjoy your game in peace.
When planning your golf holiday in Mallorca, be sure to look out for golf offers. Many golf clubs and hotels provide special packages and discounts that can make your golf holiday more affordable. Stay informed about current golf offers in Mallorca to get the most out of your golf vacation.
Enjoy your time on Mallorca’s golf courses and take advantage of the optimal conditions in spring and autumn. Utilize golf offers to make your golf holiday in Mallorca even more affordable.
Mallorca is not only a popular destination for experienced golfers but also for beginners who want to discover the fascination of golf. The island offers a variety of golf courses suitable for players of all levels.
If you are a beginner, there are many golf courses in Mallorca that offer a pleasant introduction to the sport. These courses are less demanding and allow you to develop your skills and work on your swing. Golf schools and courses are also available to help you learn the game and improve your technique.
For advanced golfers, Mallorca offers challenging courses that provide the opportunity to test your skills. These courses feature demanding playing conditions and require refined technique and strategy. Here, you can demonstrate your abilities and elevate your game to the next level.
Regardless of your skill level, Mallorca promises a beautiful and relaxed golfing experience. The courses are surrounded by stunning natural beauty and offer spectacular views of the sea and landscape.
So, pack your golf clubs and experience golfing in Mallorca – whether you’re a beginner learning the game or an experienced golfer looking to improve your skills.
Discover golfing in Mallorca and enjoy unforgettable moments on the island’s golf courses.
When planning a golf trip to Mallorca, be sure to book golf courses in advance and inquire about offers and prices. Many travel operators offer special golf trips to Mallorca.
Mallorca is a popular destination for golfers, thanks to its many high-quality golf courses and pleasant climate. Whether a beginner or an experienced player, Mallorca provides golfing opportunities for everyone. To make the most of your golf holiday in Mallorca, it’s advisable to plan ahead and make all necessary reservations.
To ensure you can play on your desired golf course, it is wise to make a reservation in advance. Many golf courses in Mallorca are popular and can quickly become fully booked during peak season. Use the golf courses’ websites or contact them by phone to make your reservation.
It pays to compare different travel operators and look for special golf trips to Mallorca. Many operators offer attractive packages that include golf courses, hotel accommodations, and sometimes even flights. Compare prices and services to find the best deal that meets your needs.
There are many specialized golf travel operators offering Mallorca golf trips. These operators are familiar with the best golf courses in Mallorca and can assist you in planning and booking your golf trip. Research different operators and read reviews to find a trustworthy and competent partner for your golf journey.
Plan ahead, book your golf courses, and compare offers to make the most of your golf holiday in Mallorca. With its top-tier golf courses and Mediterranean climate, Mallorca is a paradise for golfers.
When planning your golf holiday in Mallorca and intending to bring your golf bag, it’s important to be aware of airline rules and fees. Transporting your golf bag can be more expensive and complicated than carrying a regular suitcase.
Most airlines have specific guidelines for transporting golf bags. Typically, you must register your golf bag as special luggage and may need to pay additional fees. Check the airline’s regulations in advance to avoid any surprises at the airport.
Some airlines might allow you to check your golf bag as a standard piece of luggage, while others have specific requirements, such as using a golf bag cover. Ensure your golf bag is properly packed to protect it from damage during transit.
A tip: Only bring the essential golf clubs to save weight and space. Consider whether it’s necessary to bring your entire set of golf clubs or if you can limit yourself to the most important ones. A lighter golf bag can help you adhere to airline weight restrictions.
Remember, there may be an option to rent golf clubs at your destination. If you prefer not to bring your own golf bag, you can rent one on-site and still play on Mallorca’s golf courses.
Mallorca offers a wide variety of golf courses, from scenic courses in nature to challenging courses for advanced players. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced golfer, you’ll definitely find the right golf course for your taste and skill level in Mallorca.
The island is home to a range of golf courses that are both visually appealing and challenging. Whether you want to enjoy the idyllic surroundings of nature or prove your skills on a technically demanding course, Mallorca has it all.
Some of the most popular golf courses in Mallorca include Golf Son Gual, Club de Golf Alcanada, Son Muntaner Golf, Vall d’Or Golf, Club de Golf Son Servera, and Son Quint Golf. These courses offer a mix of beautiful landscapes, skillfully designed fairways, and professional facilities.
Whether you’re looking to improve your drive, take golf lessons, or simply enjoy a round with friends, Mallorca’s golf courses provide the perfect setting. Experience the charm of golf on one of the world’s most beautiful vacation islands.
In Mallorca, discover not only first-class golf courses but also a variety of other activities and attractions. Be captivated by the ancient town of Pollensa with its Roman bridge and enjoy a magnificent view over the town from Puig de Calvari.
Beyond the golf courses, Mallorca has much to explore. Go hiking along the stunning coast, explore charming villages, and visit impressive historical sites. Mallorca offers a wealth of cultural, culinary, and natural attractions that will enrich your golf holiday.
Some highlights not to miss are:
Fully enjoy your golf holiday in Mallorca by exploring the island’s diverse leisure activities and cultural treasures.
Mallorca is a paradise for golfers. With its numerous high-quality golf courses and pleasant climate, the island offers a variety of possibilities for golf holidays. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced player, Mallorca has something for everyone.
The golf courses in Mallorca are distinguished by their excellent quality and diverse design. From scenic courses in nature to challenging courses for experienced golfers, there’s a course for every preference.
Plan your golf holiday in Mallorca and enjoy top-notch golfing pleasure in a magnificent setting. Play on the best golf courses in Mallorca, experience the Mediterranean climate, and relax in the island’s golf hotels. A golf holiday in Mallorca will provide you with unforgettable experiences and memories.
Yes, Mallorca offers a variety of golf hotels, including the Castillo Hotel Son Vida.
Mallorca is a true paradise for golf enthusiasts and those who appreciate the luxury of an exclusive villa near a golf course. Perhaps you’ve been inspired and are considering acquiring a holiday residence or even moving permanently. Our selection of golf villas in Mallorca offers the perfect combination of first-class living and access to some of the best golf courses in the world. From Son Vida to Port d´Andratx, each of our luxury golf course villas has been carefully selected to meet the highest standards of comfort and luxury.
In areas like Bendinat, Santa Ponsa, and Son Gual, known for their picturesque landscapes and challenging golf courses, our villas offer not just direct access to golf but also breathtaking views and an unrivaled quality of life. Whether you’re looking for modern architecture or a villa with traditional charm, our golf villas in Mallorca meet all desires.
For those dreaming of realizing a luxury villa on a golf course in Mallorca, we offer unparalleled consultation and support. Our expertise in the luxury real estate market enables us to not only offer the best properties but also provide insight into a lifestyle that few places can offer.
If you’re interested in exclusive living in a golf villa in Mallorca, now is the perfect time to learn more. Our luxury golf course villas are waiting to be discovered. Contact us today to express your interest and take a step closer to your dream home on this beautiful island. Your life in a golf villa in Mallorca begins here – where luxury meets passion.
The information in this blog is based on careful research. Nevertheless, we cannot assume liability for its completeness or timeliness.
